What was the primary function of the Roman "corvus" during the Punic Wars?

Which ancient Mesopotamian civilization, predating the Sumerians, is credited with developing the earliest known form of writing, cuneiform, on clay tablets?

What ancient Mesopotamian legal code, predating Hammurabi's by centuries, is known for its detailed provisions on property rights and social status, including a famous clause regarding the 'law of talion' for injuries?